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What (who) is pyrobituminous shale - definition
FINE-GRAINED, CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK
Shales; Shale (sedimentary rock); Black shale; Shale rock; Black Shale
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![Sample of [[drill cuttings]] of shale while drilling an [[oil well]] in [[Louisiana]], [[United States]]. Sand grain = 2 mm in diameter](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Drill cuttings - Annotated - 2004.jpg?width=200 "Sample of [[drill cuttings]] of shale while drilling an [[oil well]] in [[Louisiana]], [[United States]]. Sand grain = 2 mm in diameter")
![Color chart for shale based on [[oxidation state]] and organic carbon content](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shale color chart.png?width=200 "Color chart for shale based on [[oxidation state]] and organic carbon content")
![Shale in Potokgraben, the [[Karawanks]], [[Austria]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shale in Potokgraben.jpg?width=200 "Shale in Potokgraben, the [[Karawanks]], [[Austria]]")
![Messel oil shale]]) with a large knife to reveal fossils](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MesselShaleSplitting.JPG?width=200 "Messel oil shale]]) with a large knife to reveal fossils")
![[[Weathering]] shale at a road cut in southeastern [[Kentucky]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shale 8040.jpg?width=200 "[[Weathering]] shale at a road cut in southeastern [[Kentucky]]")
oil shale
![Outcrop of [[Ordovician]] oil shale ([[kukersite]]), northern Estonia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/OilShaleEstonia.jpg?width=200 "Outcrop of [[Ordovician]] oil shale ([[kukersite]]), northern Estonia")
![360° panoramic view of a Enefit280 plant in [[Estonia]], that processes 280 tonnes of oil shale in an hour](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oil shale - from research to reality 03. Enefit280 plant, view of the plant.jpg?width=200 "360° panoramic view of a Enefit280 plant in [[Estonia]], that processes 280 tonnes of oil shale in an hour")
![alt=A photograph of [[Shell Oil]]'s experimental ''in situ'' shale oil extraction facility in the [[Piceance Basin]] of northwestern [[Colorado]]. In the center of the photo, a number of oil recovery pipes lie on the ground. Several oil pumps are visible in the background.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shell insitu.gif?width=200 "alt=A photograph of [[Shell Oil]]'s experimental ''in situ'' shale oil extraction facility in the [[Piceance Basin]] of northwestern [[Colorado]]. In the center of the photo, a number of oil recovery pipes lie on the ground. Several oil pumps are visible in the background.")
![VKG]] [[Ojamaa]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/VKG Ojamaa kaevandus.jpg?width=200 "VKG]] [[Ojamaa]].")
![[[Autun]] oil shale mines](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/XXe - Mine des Télots - 02.jpg?width=200 "[[Autun]] oil shale mines")
ORGANIC-RICH FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTARY ROCK CONTAINING KEROGEN
Bituminous shale; Bituminous Shale; Oil Shale; Oil shales; Oil-shale; Algal coal; Kerosene shale; Kerogen shale; Wollongongite; Kerogenite
¦ noun fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil can be extracted.
History of the oil shale industry
![Oil retort at [[Kilve]], [[West Somerset]], England](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kilvebrickretort.jpg?width=200 "Oil retort at [[Kilve]], [[West Somerset]], England")
![Addison ''et al.'' (1985)]], pp. 44–45</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kirk's Retort.png?width=200 "Addison ''et al.'' (1985)]], pp. 44–45</ref>")
 AFTER YEARS OF RESEARCH, HAS TAKEN OIL SHALE FROM AN... - NARA - 552686.jpg?width=200 "The Colony oil shale development site in August 1973.")
![James "Paraffin" Young]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/West Lothian shale bing, Scotland.JPG?width=200 "James \"Paraffin\" Young]].")
ASPECT OF HISTORY
Oil shale history; History of oil shale industry
The history of the oil shale industry started in ancient times. The modern industrial use of oil shale for oil extraction dates to the mid-19th century and started growing just before World War I because of the mass production of automobiles and trucks and the supposed shortage of gasoline for transportation needs.
shale
¦ noun soft finely stratified sedimentary rock formed from consolidated mud or clay.
Derivatives
shaly (also shaley) adjective
Origin
C18: prob. from Ger. Schale; related to Engl. dialect shale 'dish' (see scale2).
Wikipedia
Shale
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Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into thin layers (laminae) less than one centimeter in thickness. This property is called fissility. Shale is the most common sedimentary rock.
The term shale is sometimes applied more broadly, as essentially a synonym for mudrock, rather than in the more narrow sense of clay-rich fissile mudrock.
